3D打印,食品的梦工厂?
撰文/许晓旋Written by Zoe
近年来黑科技3D打印在国内外美食领域的应用上可谓是风生水起,囊括了巧克力、披萨、意大利方饺、彩色糖果,甚至部分肉类和奶制品。如此神秘而强大,餐饮行业与酒店人纷纷翘首以待,3D打印到底是科技还是噱头?能否颠覆传统的餐饮业?能否为人们带来新的健康饮食理念?
3D食品打印发展势不可遏
2011年,英国研究人员开发出了世界上第一台3D巧克力打印机,食物3D打印技术正式走入人们的视野。业界也开始意识到,这个“新奇玩意”作为一种新兴技术,的确具有商业化的价值。知名市场研究公司M&M的一份相关的研究报告,预测到2025年,食品3D打印市场的全球规模将达到4.25亿美元。
那么现在3D食物打印机都能打印出哪些美食呢?
到目前为止,可以成功打印出30多种不同的食品,主要有六大类:糖果(巧克力、口香糖、硬糖、软糖、果冻);烘焙食品(饼干、蛋糕、甜点);零食产品(薯片等小吃);水果和蔬菜产品(水果泥、水果汁、蔬菜水果果冻或凝胶);肉制品(肉酱和肉类品);奶制品(奶酪或酸奶)。
3D食品打印是如何实现的?
其实,3D食物打印机基于3D打印技术,真正堪称关键的改变就是把原料换为食材,再改造成适合烹饪的食物。
3D打印技术的具体操作是将原食材进行液化,放入食物胶囊里,再将食谱输入机器,喷头就会通过熔聚成型技术,按照预先设计的造型将食材层层叠加的方式“打印”出来。值得一提的是,3D打印食物不仅可以实现原材料打印不同形态和设计,还能够通过对不同食物的“分区”,打印出完成度更高的食物,例如披萨、饺子等等。
3D食物打印机不仅可以个性化地改变食物的形状,改良食品品质,还可以自由搭配、均衡营养。而且还能最大程度避免食物在加工、运输、包装等环节损耗。
3D食品打印会颠覆传统餐饮业?
3D食品打印引发憧憬无限:未来可以DIY自己的饮食,可以在手机APP上选择配料组合、口味或加工温度,每一位顾客都是可以是大厨;甚至酒店食肆的厨房再无需大厨掌勺,新鲜食材进,美味佳肴出。
虽然较之传统食品制造业,3D食品打印可以节省人力成本,省去许多麻烦,但是鱼和熊掌不可兼得,在食物的色香味方面便逊色很多。若真要论及烹饪,尤其是精益求精的中式美食,还是讲求万千滋味和独特匠心。食材、厨艺、时间等诸多元素在制作美食的过程中就像一堆复杂而不可量化的活性物,美味无法被简单地复制和打印出来。这也是为什么这项技术在当下被更多用来做一些简单的食物或餐式,例如糖果与西餐的原因。对于像肯德基、必胜客这样的快餐行业,或是作为家中的食品辅助设备,3D打印技术还是有不少用武之地的。
3D食品打印未来可期
3D打印食品虽然在短期内无法走进大众饮食市场,但它在烘焙业等简单餐饮业依然可以大展拳脚,而且从酒店以及餐饮从业者的角度来看,但从酒店以及餐饮从业者的角度来看,在饮食上未雨绸缪,还是有想象和发挥空间的。
其一,食物的液化组成为中老年龄顾客带来福音。社会老龄化问题日益明显,中老年客户群越来越不可忽视,而相比较传统食品尤其是肉类,胶状食物更便于咀嚼、吞咽和消化,同时也富含特需营养素。
其二,食物的高级定制化可以满足顾客的更高要求,3D打印可通过数字化配比,根据客户身体数据来调配高级定制化的营养膳食。而且根据需求定制食品口味、纹理和形状的最大优势,3D打印能在特殊食材上有用武之地,比如3D打印鱼翅,可以满足饕餮食客对鱼翅菜品的需求,但却不需要真捕杀鲨鱼。
3D PRINTING, A DREAM FACTORY OF FOOD?
3D food printing has gain its popularity home and abroad, including chocolate, pizza, candy even meat and dairy products. So what on earth is this high tech? Can it bring a revolution to catering or something new to healthy eating?
The first 3D printing machine for chocolate was born in UK in 2011. Enterprises began to see its high commercial value which was estimated to reach 425 million dollars by 2025 by M&M, a famous marketing research company. To date, there are six categories of food can be printed, including candy, bakery, chips, vegetable and fruit products, meat and dairy products.
Based on 3D printing technology, the crux of 3D food printing lies in the ingredients - the food ingredients will be deliquesced and put into capsules, and the machine will take advantage of the designated model and capsules to print the food out layer by layer. The food printing not only can alter the shape and appearance of food, but also improve the food quality with balanced nutrition. What’s more, the new technology can omit the spoilage of food to the maximum during procession, transportation and package.
3D food printing has brought on a lot of imaginations in the future. People dream about customizing their own meals though applications in mobile phones; no more chefs are needed in kitchens for 3D printing machine will do all the tricks, turning fresh ingredients into delicious courses. Indeed the technology may save manpower cost, but the quality of products is far less tasty than traditionally cooking meals, especially for Chinese food, which requires plenty of time, culinary skills and delicate combination of ingredients. Therefore, this high-tech are currently used in some simple cooking. Western fast food chain stores like KFC and Pizza Hut might use its help.
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